ALEXANDER DUFF
Tun tum chu India rama Scottish missionary hmasa ber Alexander Duff-a chungchang hi I han bihchiang veleh thung dawn teh ang.
Hun hmasa lam: Alexander Duff hi Scotland rama Auchnahyle khuaah April 15, 1806 khan a piang a. A nu leh pa te hi James Duff leh Jean Rattray te niin loneitu chhungkua an ni. A nu leh pa hian Alexander-a hi lehkhathiamin hna sang tak te chelh ve se an tih avangin lehkha zir lamah an kal tir tauh tauh a. An khaw kianga Pitlochry leh Kirkmichael vela sikul hrang hrang leh Perth Grammar School-ahte a kal thinin mel 8 chuang nitin kein a kal tauh tauh thin.
Alexander-a hi a nu leh pa ten a naupan lai atangin an kaihruai tha em em a. Naupangte a nih lai atangin missionary tuta kohna chiang tak a dawng tawh a ni Kum 1821 atangin St Andrews University-ah Arts leh Theology lam a zir a, Greek, latin, Logic leh moral philosophy lamte a thiam em avangin kum hnih hnu lekah MA a zo ta mai a. Hna hrang hrang a thawh zui lai chuan kum 1827 khan Church of Scotland chuan ramdanga an mission hmasa ber tur chu tan an lo tum ve a, rawngbawlna kalpui an tum dan hi zirna behchhanin a ni.
Hetianga Church of Scotland-in rawngbawlna bul an tan tur hi a hriatin Alexander Duff pawh hian Pathianin rem a ruat sakah a ngai a, missionary atana inpek chu a tum ta a. Chumi kawngah chuan St Andrews University-a a zirlaia Moral Philosphy professor Dr Thomas Chalmers chuan Alexander-a chu a tuipui hle mai a, kawng tinrenga fuih phurin hma a lak pui ta a. Chuta tang chuan kawng tinrengin Alexander Duff chu a inpuahchah chho ta a ni.
Kum 1829 July thlaah Alexander Duff hian nupui atanEdinburgh khaw nula Anne Scott Drysdale chu a nei a, hemi hnu lawk, August thla hian St George Church, Edinburgh-ah Alexander Duff hi ordained niin September thlaah Church of Scotland-in rawng an bawlna hmun tur India ram lam panin Alexader Duff, kum 18 mi lek chu a nupui nen Lady Holland lawng hmang chuan an kalchhuak ta a ni.
India ram an rawn pan hi an tluang lo khawp mai. Capetown bulah an lawng chu a chhia a, a pil ta. Vanneihthlak takin a chhunga chuangte chu an him hlauh mai a, mahse Alexander Duff-a lehkhabu 800 chuang chu a pil tel vek a, 40 chauh a chang a. Hemi hnu hian Moira lawng hmanga India ram pan lehin tluang takin Calcutta chu May 27, 1830 khan an lo thleng ta a ni.
India ram a rawngbawl tura a rawn thlen hlim hlawt atangin a tirtu Church of Scotland-in zirna behchhana rawngbawl tura an tih angin zirna chungchangah hma a la nghal a. Bengali sikul engemawzat a zirchiang a, a zirchianna atang chuan chung sikul te chuan a duh angin an zir zau tawk lo tih ngaihdan a nei a, amaha sikul a akalpui ve hunah chuan Bengali hmang lovin English tawng hmangin zirtirna pek a tum ta a. Hetih hunlaia India rama Kristian missionary te hian hnam hnuaihnung zawk chauh Kristian-ah an siam tlang pui a, chu chu a veiin Duff-a chuan hnam sang zawk (brahmins) te hnena zirtirna pek chuan nghawng a neih nasat zawk a ring a, chumi atan chuan hma a la chho ta a. He a ngaihdan hi ‘Downward Filter Theory” tiin a awmzia chu hnam sang zawkte lehkha thiam tira Kristian sakhaw chungchang a zirtir pah chuan chu chuan hnam hnuaihnung zawkteah nghawng tha tak a neih zui zel a beisei a ni.
Tichuan India ram a rawn thlen atanga reilote, kum 1830-ah Duff-a chuan Chitpur Road, Jorasanko, Calcutta-a Hindu pakhat inluahin sikul chu a tan ta. A duhthusam ang ngeiin chu sikul-ah chuan English hmanga zirtir niin subject hrang hrang an zirtir a, chutih rual chuan Bible chu a dah pawimawh hle a, Bible zir chu subject pakhatah dah a ni. He sikul hi a kaltluang zui hle a, a hnu lawkah phei chuan missionary college pakhat, General Assembly’s Institution tih a ni ta hial a ni.
Kum 1834-ah hrisellohna neuh neuh avangin Duff-a hi Scotland-ah a haw a. A chawlh chhung hian zirtirna kawnga a hmachhawp hrang hrangte chu Kohhran chuan a pawm sak a, hei vang hian amah pawh a phur hle. Tichuan chak taka hmalak a ni a, sikul building pawh Garanhata-ah sak a ni a, kum 1939-ah sak zawh a ni a, Duff-a pawh a hna chhunzawm turin India ramah kum 1840 khan a haw leh ta.
Hetianga a phur em em a hma a lak chhoh mek lai hian kum 1843-ah Church of Scotland chuan anmahni chhungah buaina nasa tak “Disruption of 1843” an tih chu a lo irhchhuak a. Church of Scotland atang chu Free Church of Scotland a lo piang ta hial a. Alexander Duff pawh hi Free Church lam awn zawk anih avangin a thawhna sikul chu a chhuahsan ta a. Tichuan zirna in dang din zuiin he zirna in thar hi Free Church Institution tih a ni ta a. Kum 1857-a University of Calcutta din anih khan he Free Church Institution hi a in affiliate hmasa pawl niin Alexander Duff pawh hi University Senate hmasa ber atan lakluh a ni nghal bawk a ni.
Alexander Duff-a zirna in din pahnih General Assembly’s Institution leh Free Church Institution te hi kum 1908 khan an in zawm leh a. An inzawm leh hnu hian Scottish Churches College tia a hming thlak niin kum 1929-a Church of Scotland an inzawm khawm leh hnu kha Scottish Church College tih a ni leh ta a. he College hi vawiin thlengin India rama college lar ber pawl a ni a, mi hmingthang tak tak Rev Lal Behari Day, K.M Banerjee (INC dintu zing ami), Swami Vivekananda, Subash Chandra Bose, Mithun Chakraborty, S.C. Jamir, Jagmohan Dalmiya etc leh India rama mi pawimawh leh mi hmingthang tam tak an inzirchhuahna a ni zui ta a ni
Alexander Duff hi zirna kawnga India ram tana sulsutu leh bung thar keu puitu pawimah tak a ni a. Hemi kawngah hian Father of Modern India ti hiala sawi thin, social reformer ropui tak Raja Ram Mohan Roy nen hian an thawk dun nasa hle a, Duff-a’n General Assembly’s Institution a din dawn pawh khan nasa takin a pui a, sikul atana inluah tur a zawn pui a, zirlai lut tur thlengin a zawn pui a ni. Raja Ram Mohan Roy hian khawthlang zirdan (Western Education) Indian Education-a lakluh hian hmasawnna tam tak a thlen dawn tih a hria a, English, Science, Medicine leh Technology zirna lamte chu a tuipuiin hei vang hian Alexander Duff-a pawh hi a tanpui niin a lang a, a sum leh pai thlengin General Assembly’s Institution hmasawnnan hian a thawh thin a ni.
Kum 1849-ah Duff hian India ram chhuahsanin Britain lamah a haw a, 1851 khan Free Church Assembly-ah Moderator atan thlan a ni. He rawngbawlna hna a chelh chung pawh hian zirna lama India hmasawnna atana mamawh nia a hriat hrang hrangte chu Parliament lamah te a sawi thin a. Heng a hmalakna hrang hrang avang hian primary leh secondary school-ah te hmasawnna tam tak thlengin hmeichhe tan bik sikul din a ni ta hial a ni.
Kum 1854 khan sawm anih angin Alexander Duff hian United States leh Canada khawpui hrang hrangte a tlawh a, kohhran hrang hrangah thusawiin hemi tum hian New York University chuan L.L.D. degrree an lo hlan a, hemi hma pawh hian University of Aberdeen chuan D.D. Degree an lo hlan tawh bawk.
Kum 1856-ah Alexander Duff hian a tawp berna atan India a tlawh leh a, a kum lehah India ramah chuan sipai ho helna, Revolt of 1857 tia hriat lar tak chu a chhuak a. He buaina chhuak chungchang a hmuhdan a ziakna “The Indian Mutiny- its Causes and Results (1858) chu tihchhuah a ni a, he lehkhabu hian British sawrkar policy a sawiselin a ruh lang rawtin a tarlang chiang hle. Hemi tuma India ram a rawn kal leh hian University of Calcutta hmasawn nan hma a la nasa hle a, University of Calcutta constitution siamin Physical Sciences lam zirna hawn belh a rawt a, amah pawh chuan Chemistry subject a zirtir nghal a. Hengte avang hian kum 1863 khan Sir Charles Treveylan chuan Calcutta University-a Vice Chancellor ni turin a sawm hial a, mahse a hrisellohna avanga India rama a awm reng theih loh avangin he hna hi a thawk ta lo a, kum 1863-ah India ram chhuahsanin Scotland-ah a haw leh ta a. Nimahsela a hna thawh ropui tak avang hian Calcutta-a Alexander Duff-a din Scottish Church College-ah Duff Hall siam niin a lim pawh hun a ni.
Kum 1864-ah Alexander Duff hian South Africa a tlawh a, hemi hnu hian Free Church hnuaia Foreign Missions Committee-ah Convener a ni leh a, hna a thawk nasa hle. Duff-a hian Africa leh India ram te chu a la vei hle a, hei vang hian Scotland-a theological school reng rengah Mission lam zirna din a, mission subject chu zir tel ngei ngei rawt a, a rawt anga din anih hnuin kum 1867 atang khan amah ngei chu New College, Edinburgh-ah mission lam zirtirtu Professor hmasa ber a ni ta a, he college hnuaia Evangelistic Theology deptt-ah hotu ber a ni zui ta a ni.
Alexander Duff-a hian Mission hna hi a ngai pawimawh em em a, thupui berah a nei thin.A hrisel lohna avangin chawl hahdam turin vawi tam tak Scotland-ah haw mahse a chawlh chhung hian a chawl mai mai ngai lova, mission lama hma lak dan tur thar dapin idea tha tak tak a neih phah thin. Vawi tam tak Scotland rama Pastor hna thawk tur te, Professor hna thawk tur te, leh zirna hmuna chairman hna thawk turtein sawm a ni thin a, mahse a chhanna chu, “ka hun neih ang angte hi mission hna thawh nan ka hmang zawk ang e,” tih a ni thin. Scotland ram chhunga kohhran hrang hrangah Mission pawl din tumin hma a la nasa hle a, Scotland chu missionary tirhchhuah lamah harh se a tih mai bakah Scotland thenawm ram, Ireland, England, US leh Canada ah mission rawngbawlna kawnga harhtharna a chhuah nan a zinkual nasa hle thin. Alexander Duff hian India rama rawng a bawl dan leh a suangtuahna hrang hrangte chu India and India Missions leh Missions the Chief End of the Christian Church lehkhabuah te a ziak nghe nghe a ni. Tin, sawi hmaih hauh loh tur chu kum 1878-a a thih dawn khan a rosum zawng zawng chu Missionary turte chherna hmun Missionary Institute, New College, Edinburgh (tunah chuan University of Edinburgh-ah a bet tawh) tan hian a hlan vek nghe nghe a, hei hian mission lamah a inpek zia leh mission a ngaih pawimawh zia te a tarlang chiang em em a ni.
Alexander Duff-a hi Scotland sawrkar leh kohhranah huhang a nei lian em em a, India rama hmeichhia te lehkhazir vena tur, English-a zirna sang zawk leh zirna lama thil pawimawh tak tak awmna bill, Dispatch of 1854 Bill phena mi pawimawh tak chu Alexander Duff hi a ni. India rama zirna leh Scottish mission rawngbawlna atana a contribution hi a ropui em em a, a rah chu vawin thlengin India mipui ten kan la chhawr a nih hi. Europe atanga India rama missionary rawn kal pakhat ve mai kha nimahse Duff-a khan mitin zah a kai em em a, hei hi a chhan chu a mission, zirna lamah hah thi kula hna a thawh vang leh a ngaihtuahna a sen nasat vang a tih theih awm e.
Hetiang taka mi ropui, Hindu lalram zirna hmanga chhut chima Kristian ram din tum, nasa taka India rama zirnain hma a lo sawn theih nana hma latu Rev Dr Alexander Duff hi a rawngbawl chhungin hrisellohna hrang hrangin a tlakbuak nasa ve hle a. Tichuan February 12, 1878 khan Sidmouth, Devon-ah a rawng a lo bawl sak thin Pathian angchhunga chawl tawh turin a thi ta a ni.
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