Gilbert Renthlei

ZOFATE INPUMKHATNA

(Short History, Reasons & Responsibilities)
(Article for MSU Pune Annual Magazine, ZAMZO)

-Gilbert Renthlei

Electric Veng, Lunglei

 A hmasain kei tehlulin MSUP Annual Magazine, Zamzo 2010-2011 Issue-a thu ka ziak ve tur hi ka insit a, mahse hetiang hun remchang bawhpelh hi thil uihawm tak a ni lawi bawk si. Huphurhna namen lo tak maiin min bawm nghal mahse he magazine thu thlurbing ‘Zofate Inpumkhatna’ tih hming ringawt pawh hian mi a tiphur a, engvanga inpumkhat ngai nge kan nih tih te, International Boundaries leh State Boundaries in min then hran hunlai te chu kan pian ve hma mah nise tunhma atanga ka lo ngaihven ve lam anih avangin ka computer ka han ‘on’ a, heng a hnuai ami te hi ka ziak chhuak ta.

            Tute nge Zofate chu?: Thangtharte chuan Mizo/Zofate han tih hian Lusei, Mizorama cheng leh Lusei tawng hmang ho chauh hi emaw kanti hial tawh awm e. Historian te’n BC 221 laia China rama Qin Dynasty lal Sih Huang Di-a’n Zhou ho khawpui Sinlung a tihdarh atanga Chhinlung atanga lo thlang tla ta Zhou hnam hrang hrang Kabaw Valley thlenga rawn tawlh thla a, chuta tanga a tah tawla tuna Mizoram leh a chhehvela inbengbel ta te hi Mizo kan tih hian a huap awm e. Mizo hnam peng hrang hrang heng Lusei, Hmar, Ralte, Paite, Zo, Darlong, Kawm, Pawi, Thado, Chiru, Aimol, Khawl, Anal, Puram, Tikhup, Vaiphei, Lakher, Langrawng, Chawrai, Bawng, Baite, Mualthuam, Kaihpeng, Pangkhua, Tlanglau, Bawmzo, Hrangkhawl, Miria, Dawn, Kumi, Khiangte, Tlau, Pautu, Pawite, Vangchhia, Zawnyte, Fanai, Khawlhring, Chawngthu, Vanchiau, Chawhte, NGente, Rethlei, Hnamte etc te hi Mizoram, Nagaland, Manipur, Tripura ah te, Burma rama Chin State, Arakan ram, Lower & Upper Chindwin phai, Sagaing leh Magwe Division-ah te, Bangladesh-a Chittagong Hill Tract leh Sylhet bialah te kan cheng darh ta a ni Heng Mizo hnam hrang hrang rawn thlang tlak dan leh an thlahtute etc hi kan sawi seng lovang.

            Mizote hian Mongolian thlah kan ni tih leh chhan hrang hrang avanga chhim thlang lama rawn tawlh thla zel a, tuna kan awmna hmuna awmta niin kan pawm theuh a. Amaherawhchu chumi kan pawm rual leh thlahtu hmun khat kan ni tih kan pawm rual hian engvangin nge vawiin niah hian Zo hnahthlakte hi kan in enhran tlat a, kan Mizo Identity pawh kan vawn nun zawh tawh mang loh tih hi thiam tawk tein i han chhui dawn teh ang.

            A tawi zawngin han sawi ta mai ila- Mizo lal te’n tunhmain an sai ramchhuahna leh an ramchin ni a British hovin thingpui huan an rawn siam leh an ram ngei an rawn awp chho zel chu ngaimawhin mizo Lal te’n Cachar ram thingpui huan te, Sylhet, Tripura, Manipur leh Chittagong vela vaiho an lo zuk run fo tawh thin a. Heng an thil tih avang leh Mizo Lalte pawngpawrh lutuk tudai turin British ho pawhin Mizo Lal te an lo bei fo tawh thin a ni. January 23, 1871-a Bengkhuaia pasaltha te’n Alexandrapur-a James Winchester thata Mary Winchester an hawn hnu phei chuan Bristish hovin min ngaimawh a, Vailian vawi khatnaah min tudawl tura rawn thawk chhovin a hnuzelah phei chuan min awp ta a nih kha.     

            Kawng leh lamah Mizote’n Vai kan zu run fo avanga British hovin min rawn awp nia kan sawi hi ziaktu leh zirbingmi thenkhat chuan an pawm lem lova, British hovin hetih hunlai hian Burma, Bengal, Tiperrah leh Manipur te an awp tawh avangin helai hmun kalpawh zung zung tura Mizoram chin hel fo angaih avang hian Zoram Runpui chu kum 1888-1890 khan an rawn nei niin an sawi thin bawk. (Hei hi Army Headquarters, Madras thupek bawhzuia kalpui a ni). Hemi tum hian Bengal lam atangin Chittangong atanga Col V.W.Treager-a ho te chuan Tlabung atangin Zoram an rawn lut a, khawchhaklamah Brigadier General Faunce-a hovin Irrwady lui kam atanga hma rawn la tanin Manipur lam atangin Col. McGregor-a ho chuan Zoram rawn bei tan ve bawk a. Tin Loktak (Manipur) atang te, heng ho nena a hnua inzawm Silchar atanga lokal te chutiang zelin hmun hrang hrang atangin Mizoram chu British hoten an lo la chho ta zel a ni. Hetiang hi min rawn luhchilh tan dan a ni a, Vailen dan leh an inbeih dan erawh sawisen a ni lo.

            Tichuan, kum 1890-ah British ho hian Assam emaw Bengal emaw Burma mi emaw kan nia an hriat loh avangin an dan Foreign Jurisdiction Act 1890 hmangin min awp tan ta a. Hetianga Mizote run tura Chittagong, Assam, Bengal, Manipur leh Burma atanga rawn thawkchhuak te hian an ram awpchin chu thut nghalin an awpna hnuaiah an dah ta zel mai a, tichuan Zoram chu British rorelna bial, Assam, Bengal, Burma leh Raja Bial Manipur leh Tipperah hnuaiah te an lo thendarh ta a ni.

            Hetianga British Sipai hmun hran hran ami te’n hnam khat anmahni awpna hnuai theuha an dah a Zofate Political Officer hran nuaih hnuaia kan awm ta mai hi tha ti lovin min suihkhawm dan tur chu January 29, 1892 khan Fort Williams, Calcutta-a Chin Lushai Conference –ah an ngaihtuah ta a, hetah hian hnam kawlhsen ho, British in an awp tharte (Zofate) a huam a ni. Hei hi Zofate insuihkhawm nana hmalakna hmasa ber ni mahse chhan leh chhuanlam hrang hrang avangin a zuzi ta a, tun thleng hian hemi tuma an thurelte hi tihhlawhtlin a la ni ta lo a ni.

            Tunlai khawvel: Awle Zofate inthendarh chhan tlangpui chu kan chhui duhtawk tawh ang. Tunah chuan Zohnahthlak hnam hrang hrangte hi State pali leh ram pahnih-ah kan awmdarh ta. Naga ho angin Zohnahthlak hnam hrang hrangte hi insuihkhawma ram pakhata awm leh duhin hma han la ta ila, thil huphurhawm tak leh thil theihloh deuh thaw a ni a, thisen a luang leh nasa hle dawn a ni. Chutih laiin Zofa hmun hrang hrang leh ram hrang hranga awm darh ta te hi insuihkhawmin political boundary pakhat hnuaiah awm khawm leh thei lo mah ila, thinlung inpawh leh rilru hmun khat pua inpawh tak leh inpumkhat duhna rilru nena kan khawsa anih erawh chuan kan luah chin ram theuh hi tha takin kan humhalh thei anga, thawhhona tha zawkhnuaiah hmasawnna tam tak kan chang thei ngei ang.

            Hetiang hi Zohnahthlak hnam tin te duhthusam nimah sela hemi dodal zawng hian kan khawsa tam ta. Political Boundaries in min then hran ang zelin chhulkhat kual unau kan inmihran ta a, kan unau ngeite kan inpui bera kan mikhual theih loh leh kan hmuhsit laiin kan unau pawh nilo, kan hnam nena inzawmna reng reng neilo leh kan chunga rilru tha pawh pu hleilo thlangkawr vai te erawh duat takin kan mikhual lawi si. Eng vangin nge heti taka Zofate hi kan inmihran tak le? Tu tihdik loh nge? Tu thiam loh nge" Tu nge mawhpuh tur ni ta le? Zofate hian Mizo Identity chiang zawka kan liluh a kan bihchian a tul ta hle mai.

            Nikum kum laihawl vel khan tunlai thalaite inbiakpawhna lar tak Facebook-ah Issue lian em em ni silo, mahse zofate inpumkhatna lam ngaihtuahtu te ngeng chhun tak si a thleng a, chu chu he article topic ka hmuh ruala ka rilrua sawichhuah ka duh ber chu a ni. Chumi tum chuan Facebook group hrang hranga hmar tawng hmang leh Lusei tawng hmang te nasa takin an inhnial a, tawngkam chhe tinreng leh chibing inlakhranna thu leh chibing hmingchhiatna zawng zawng te inphawrhchhuah sakin an inhnial chiam a, hei inhnialna hian Facebook-a group pakhat mai nilo, group hrang hrang, member Zohnahthlak thiau 10000 chuang awmnaah te a thleng a ni.

            He thil thlen lai hian keipawh group hrang hrangah member ka nih angin ka lo thlir reng a, ka rilru erawh a na hle mai. Thangtharte hian Zohnahthlak hnam hrang hrangte unau kan nih zia te, British ho ‘Divide & Rule’ policy verther tak nghawng zel avanga ram hrang hranga awmdarh ta mai kan ni tih te hi kan theihnghilh ta em ni tih chu ka rilruah a lo lut a, ngaihtuahna a ti kal thui ngei mai. He thil thleng hian tun dinhmuna zofate kan in en hran tawh zia a ti lang chiang hle a, inpumkhat leh tura hmalak tul zia min hrilhfiah uar uar bawk a ni.

            Sawi tawh angin Zofate hi insuihkhawm leh a ram pakhata awm leh tur chuan palchah tur thil tam tak a awm a, thil huphurhawm tak a tling. Hei hi thil theih loh deuhthaw tunlai khawvelah chuan ni mahse Zofate hi rilru lam tala kan inpumkhata unau kan ni tih kan haiderna rilru paih bo a kan tan tlan a hun takzet tawh a ni. Kan thlang lawk Bangladesh-ah Bengali, a mak a maka tam, min chimral inring reng an awm a, heng mite hian Tripura leh Cachar ram neitu te chu an chimral ti tih ta. Zofate hi kan inpumkhat zel loh chuan nakin lawkah Tripura leh Cachar ram mi te dinhmun hi kan la chang ve thei a, chimrala kan awmlohna tur ringawt pawh hi inpumkhatna chhan pawimawh tak a ni.

Eng nge kan tih tur? Zohnahthlak hnam hrang hrangte kan inpumkhat leh na tur atan hian Zohnahthlak chi peng tin te hian mawhphurhna tam tak kan nei. A pawimawh ber chu hnam bing intihhranna te, infekfawnna te, chapona te hi Zofate zingah a awm tur a ni lo va, tawng hrang kan hman avangin kan inunauna hi kan theihnghilh ngai tur a ni lo. Hengte hi kan kenkawh phawt loh chuan kawng dangin eng ang pawhin inpumkhat nan hma la mah ila kan insuihkhawmin kan inpumkhat thei ngai lovang. Chutih rual chuan hawihhawmna  leh dawhtheihna, hmangaihnain a tuam vel kan neih a ngai a. Inpui ber Mizorama chengte hian mawhphurhna sang tak kan kovah a innghat tih hriain Unau kan inhai tur a ni lo.

Zirlaite mawhphurhna:- India ram hmun hrang hrangah lehkha zirin Zohnahthlak hnam hrang hrangte kan fuankhawm a, heng ramdanga zirlaite hianmawhphurhna sang tak Zofate inpumkhatna atan hian kan nei a ni. Mizoram, Manipur leh Tripura atanga zirlai Zofate leh hmun dang dang atanga zirlai Zofa India ram khawpui hrang hranga lehkha zir leh hnathawk tura kalkhawmte hi kan inpumkhat thiam a ngai hle mai. Zohnahthlak zirlai pawl hrang hrang te hi pawl pakhatah kan finkhawm theilo anih pawhin thawkho thiam ila, inpumkhat turin tun aia nasa hian hma i la ang u. Chutih rual chuan  Zohnahthlak ten phai rama kan chet dan hi hnamdang te’n (a chi bila min hriat hran tawh loh avangin) Mizote min hmuhdan anih avangin nun uluk ila, a tha lama tang tlangin a chhe lam pawh do tlang ila, i thawk ho ang u. Zohnahthlak zirlai lehkhathiamten inpumnkhatna kawng kan phawt chuan hmundanga Zohnahthlakte hnenah automatic-in nghawng a nei anga, inpumkhatna lamah chak zawkin ke kan pen thei dawn a ni. Chuti a nih loha chi bil intihbingna ti bo duh lova kan chapo tlat chuan kan beisei Zofate inpumkhatna hi kan banpha kher lovang a, duhaisam ram mai a ni hlauh dah ang e.